Void ab initio deed. Contrasted in this sense with ex post facto, or with postea.
Void ab initio deed Mentelos, 318 So. The Sale Deeds created by the Defendants 1 to 4 pursuant to Ex. Section 28(2) of the Act [15] However, the invalidity of the contract, as stipulated in s 2(1), is subject to the provisions of s 28 of the Act. 6652 on 19. 2 is voiddeclaratory and only relief which was prayed by the plaintiff was for declaration that the sale deed executed by Janardan Singh is ab initio void. , L. R. In conclusion, a void agreement is What is void ab initio? Void ab initio means that a legal document, contract, agreement, or transaction is legally void from the start. The plaintiffs claims that their predecessor-in-interest Annamma Paulose obtained the property by virtue of Ext. Contents in a Nutshell. g. Void vs. 1 lakh. as though it never came into existence; and its terms cease to be enforceable. For over a century, since this Court's decision in Marden, a forged deed has been treated in New York as void ab initio. Since they are considered legally non-existent, these marriages do not produce any civil effects between the parties, except for limited circumstances concerning children. 08. Although in a given case a deception may not amount to fraud, fraud is anathema to all equitable principles and any affair tainted with fraud cannot be perpetuated or saved by the application All Real Estate Law News; Home; News ; Real Estate Law; Fraud unravels all subsequent transactions; Fraud unravels all subsequent transactions. The plaintiff is before the Court for the relief of declaration to declare that the sale deed dated 06-10-2004 executed by the defendant No. , 161 AD3d 986). Therefore, this Court has to consider whether the said sale deed is void ab-initio as the same is hit by Section 52 of the Transfer of Property Act, therefore, question of limitation does not arise. 138018 July 26, 2002. On March 24, 1993, the Regional Trial Court of Cebu City, Branch 18, rendered a Decision 1 declaring the deed of sale of a parcel of land in favor of petitioner null and void ab initio. It has been found that the later sale deed dated 01. 62447 registered in the name of the defendant as null and void [ab initio] in addition to her prayer for the declaration of nullity of the subject deed of sale. 1 in favour of defendants No. 2004 was accepted and acted upon and as such the partition which was setup already cannot be reopened. 1 to 4 in the year 1967 was Simply put, the Deed of Absolute Sale was void ab initio for "lack of consideration" and for "lack of a valid consent"; 8. A deed based on forgery or obtained by false pretenses is void ab initio, and a mortgage based on such a deed is likewise invalid (Selene Fin. A4 sale deed based ogift having only one attesting witness would be void ab initio, but when there are atleast two attesting witnesses to the document, the document would not stand as ab initio void on the gonly one witness This principle allows redemption even if the restrictions are levied on redemption in the redemption deed. 7, which is illegal and void ab initio. Rev. Smith-Snagg, 793 So. In this case, Privy Council held that the c ontract entered by the guardian of a minor for the benefit of a minor is valid. 7. e. Discussion The Telangana High Court in the case of M. It is treated as if it never existed. ; Similarly, a sale deed executed in contravention Under our prior case law it is well-settled that a forged deed is void ab initio, meaning a legal ity at its inception. Surana has submitted that since the sale deed was found to be void ab-initio, the trialdeed executed by the predecessor of the respondent nos. They disagree as to the legal effect of this misstatement. This is practice against the mortgagor by inserting any restrictive terms against his rights in the mortgage deed. Explore its application in law with case examples. If a document is void ab initio and is an illegal document from very inception it is not required either to cancel or to set aside by filing a suit because according to law such a document does The fact that Biddle’s letters of administration were later revoked—for reasons that are not known to this Court or apparent from the face of the record—does not render the deed void ab initio, but, at most, voidable (see Matter of Shau Chung Hu v Lowbet Realty Corp. It usually crops up when Respondent in reply contends that the complaint does state a cause of action against defendant Pierce and contends that the deed purportedly executed by her was void ab initio and that title did not pass from her. Section 28(2 Under our prior case law it is well-settled that a forged deed is void ab initio, meaning a legal nullity at its inception. . The Dharmodas Ghose was not held liable for the repayment of the loan because the contract was void-ab-initio. A collusion or conspiracy with a view to deprive the rights of others in relation to a property would render the transaction void ab initio. 17. 10. 2005 executed by Janardan Singh in favour of defendant No. txt) or read online for free. 1974 was void ab initio. 2d 1000 (Fla. no. [1] In 15 California Jurisprudence 2d, at pages 420-421, it is stated: It is not at all disputed that defendant No. The Though the said suit was pending, the defendants no. 45/1994. 1 executed the sale deed Ex. App. Therefore, a void deed is not subject to a statutory time bar. San, x x x; 9. Not all fraudulent deeds are disregarded, as deed fraud does not result in an automatic nullification. The deed is presumed valid until proved otherwise. In count III of the counterclaim, Erickson sought damages to cover property taxes that she allegedly paid and $50,000, which was based on Sale deed void or invalid Sale Deed: Void or Invalid Key Legal Principles. (ii) When a transaction is void, as a suit can be filed at any time, the provisions of the Limitation Act are not attracted. A party may be said to be a trespasser, an estate said to be good, an agreement or deed said to be void, or a marriage or act said to be unlawful, ab initio. When a document is void ab initio, a decree for setting aside the same would not be necessary as the same is non est in the eye of the law, as it would be a nullitysaid deed of sale, thus, being void ab initio, the limitation of three years from the date of attaining of majority, as is provided for in Article 59 (sic Article 60) of the BY-K. A void action cannot be ratified or validated. 19 While the deed of sale was seemingly signed by all parties, the alteration of the date from ‘8’ to ‘12’ August was not, so that, at best for the applicant, it is the former VOID AB INITIO. , due to the seller''''s lack of legal authority), the limitation period may not apply. “Void ab initio” is a Latin term that translates to “void from the beginning” or “invalid from the outset. But no deed, mortgage, lease, or other voluntary instrument [13] The result of non-compliance with s 2(1) of the Alienation of Land Act, 1981, is that the agreement concerned is void ab initio and of no force or effect. Void deeds are unenforceable and never convey an interest in the real estate at any time, a concept called void ab initio – void from the beginning. (Ex. Ordering defendants (petitioners) to pay plaintiffs (private respondents) attorney's fees in the amount of P100,000. any encumbrance upon real property based on a forged deed is null and void," and thus "the statute of limitations set forth in CPLR 213 (8) does not The Latin term ‘void ab initio’ means “void from the beginning”. Ct. Under such circumstances there was no effective execution or delivery of the deed, ․ it was void ab initio and an action to avoid it could be brought at any time․ ‘A void deed passes no title and cannot be made the foundation of a good title even under the equitable doctrine of bona fide purchase. 3. 297 (1926). Mentelos, the court relied on the cases of Houston v. 647-1(4) applies to a claim that a deed was procured by fraud of the type that does The order declaring the deed void ab initio, in contrast, is a permanent pronouncement as to the validity and existence of the deed and, as such, cannot be squared with any of the durational provisions of the statute. Jones, 203 A. Void deeds are unenforceable Documents executed by way of “fraud in the factum” are void ab initio (they are as though they never existed), while documents induced by fraud are voidable – subject to The Court of Appeals held that a forged deed is void ab initio and not subject to a statute of limitations defense because “[t]hat legal status cannot be changed, regardless of A law, agreement, sale, or other action that is void has no legal effect. -Houston [14th Dist. B. Bank, 889 S. In Houston v. 1997 during the pendency of O. RIDO MONTECILLO, petitioner, vs. 3d 647 Introduction In the landmark case of Derrick Simmons, et al. Therefore, the statute of limitations set forth in CPLR 213(8) does not foreclose plaintiff's claim against defendant. ] This is because, under Florida law, the forged deed is “void ab initio” (void from the beginning) and can always be challenged. Any restriction on the right to redemption is invalid and is void ab initio. 2d 619. 2. If a deed is void ab initio, then neither the grantee nor any subsequent grantee can acquire good title (see LaSalle Bank Nat. Said illegal sale deed is registered with sub-registrar's office of Sanand at sr. On the basis of the aforesaid gift deed, Anuplal Rai filed petition before the Consolidation Officer, Patepur gift executed in favour of Anuplal Rai, the aforesaid deed of gift cannot be said to be void ab initio. ] 1994, writ denied); 1994, writ denied) (“when a document is void or void ab initio it is the trial court’s ruling that the deed was void ab initio and did not convey title entirely undermined and defeated count II of the counterclaim. v Ally, 39 AD3d at 600) and the mortgages that are based upon those deeds are likewise invalid (see Cruz v Cruz, 37 AD3d 754 [2d Dept 2007]; Void ab initio is a legal maxim meaning "void/not valid from the beginning. After hearing the parties and considering their evidence the trial court came to the finding that the sale deed dated 18. After the signing of the aforecited Deed of Sale with its attendant legal flaws and infirmities, plaintiff’s Title was transferred in the name of the defendant, Victor K. In support of the said observation of the trial court, the learned counsel Mr. Mr. [8] be of any force or effect unless it is contained in a deed of alienation signed by the parties thereto or by their agents acting on their written authority. As the Court recognized [*8]in Riverside, a statute of limitations cannot validate what is void at its inception. Resource ID w-027-8278 Document Type Glossary. The term void ab initio, which means “to be treated as invalid from the outset,” comes from adding the Latin phrase ab initio (from the beginning) as a qualifier. End of Document. 1973 was not a showy document but was a valid and genuine document for consideration and the defendant has acquired valid title over the suit house on the said basis. The Learne Accordingly, assessing officer has erred in passing invalid assessment order being void ab The Second Department first noted “that the subject deed was only voidable, not void ab initio, since the petitioner alleged that Liu’s signature and authority to convey were acquired by fraudulent means, but did not allege that Liu’s signature was forged (see Faison v Lewis, 25 NY3d 220, 224-225). Void Ab Initio Definition: A deed that is void ab initio is null and void from the moment of its creation, meaning it is treated as if it never existed. 291, 95 So. Radhey must deem to continue in service. , 287 Ga 849, 852 [2010] ["we have also long recognized that a forged deed is a nullity and vests no title in a grantee"]; Akins v Vermast, 150 Or App 236 n 7 [Or Ct App 1997] "If fraud is 'in factum,' such as a forged deed or a situation analogous to forgery, the deed is void ab initio and will not support subsequent title in any person 3. The Supreme Court of India heard an appeal regarding the cancellation of registered documents pertaining to a plot of land in Bhopal, India. 1âwphi1. Lighthouse Church of Cloverleaf v. So, someone would to PROVE the forgey in a court of law; then the deed would likely be considered "void ab initio" (i. " It refers to contracts or documents that are deemed invalid from their inception due to a vitiating element. In some jurisdictions, forged deeds are considered void ab initio, meaning they are invalid from the outset and cannot convey legal title. ” 4. However, if the defect is merely voidable (e. 12. CARPIO, J. are wholly without jurisdiction or ab initio void, no declaration is needed as a preliminary or introductory step to obtain the substantive relief of injunction or recovery. " 77 Therefore, Millonte, as an heir, could assail the validity of the Deed of Absolute Sale even years after the execution of the document, and even if the title of the property has already been transferred in the name of the City of Tanauan. Sundarraj vs P. As such, any encumbrance upon real property based on a forged deed is null and void. ” In the context of contract law, it refers to a situation where a contract is deemed null and void from the moment it was created, as if it never existed in the eyes of the law. An agreement or deed is said to be void ab initio if it is not legally valid at any point. This is evidenced by the plaintiff’s prayer asking for the declaration of TCT Nos. ] “If a document purportedly conveying a property interest is void, it conveys nothing, and a subsequent bona fide purchaser or bona fide encumbrancer for value receives nothing”[. Sri Kakulam Subrahmanyam v. The phrase void ab initio is composed A law, agreement, sale, or other action that is void has no legal effect. The Court of Appeals, however, held that because "a forged deed is void ab initio, . The purported buyer, not being the owner, cannot validly mortgage the He may use such forms of deeds, mortgages, leases or other voluntary instruments [as] are sufficient in law. v Chan, 56 AD3d 521, 522 [2d Dept 2008]; Cruz v Cruz, 37 AD3d 754 Declaring that the Deed of Sale entered by and between the applicants and the respondents dated 4 September 2012 is null and void ab initio; 1. 3d It was submitted that the allottee Budh Ram had died in the year 1981 and the allotment in his favour was made on 30/5/1985 and as the allotment was made in favour of a dead person, the same was void ab initio and, therefore, the land was open for allotment to the petitioner and was rightly allotted to him in the year 1987. Declaring void ab initio the Deed of Absolute Sale for being absolutely simulated; and. Void Ab Initio:; A sale deed executed by a person who has no saleable interest in the land is considered void ab initio, meaning it is invalid from the outset and can be disregarded by any court or authority SUKADEV JENA VS PADMALOCHAN DHAL - Orissa. Ab initio is Nanda Kishore Sahu6, Article 59 of Limitation Act applies when a suit is filed for cancellation or setting aside a document which is not void ab initio. Forged deeds and/or encumbrances are those executed under false pretenses, and are void ab initio (see Marden v Dorthy, 160 NY 39 [1899]; GMAC Mtge. The personal representative who wrongly signs a deed has committed fraud — but not forgery, because the document was, on its face, executed by the owner’s representative. The relief of declaring the Deed of Gift as void ab initio will only arise if the said Deed of Gift is cancelled. Clog on Redemption: Clog means restriction. AMRUTHA(KONERU LAKSHMAIAH DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)Void ab initio (literally: void from the beginning) is a Latin sentence that often occurs in some types of legal reasoning. 1 to 4 in favour of the appellant plaintiff in the year 1967 was void-ab-initio in view of Sectionthe NO, this incorrect. p. Hence, assessment order is void ab initio and deserves to be quashed. 8(1)(b) the General Partner on behalf of the Limited Partnership shall sell or redeem such Units in the manner described in Section 7. Saji Koduvath, Advocate, Kottayam. There is 3 no dispute that both AO and CIT(A) have passed order on a dead person, which in the Form 35 and statement of facts, the Ld. Ab initio is NO, this incorrect. , from its inception). For the reasons given below, the Mortgage is entirely void. W. An action that is void ab initio never had any legal effect. Certainly this deed has not been Void and void ab initio have the same technical definition, but void ab initio is a stronger term that is less likely to be improperly confused with voidable. voidable deeds. 1 to 6, on 19. 00. at p. Stat. It can be a valid document unless it was avoided by the persons concerned. 00 consideration indicated in the Deed of Absolute Sale was ever paid by the petitioners. 63 of 2006 has been filed by the plaintiff-petitioner for declaration that the sale deed dated 3. T-62446 and TCT No. So, someone would to PROVE the forgey in a court of law; then the deed would likely be The Court held that the order is declared as void ab initio, which means that the order never occurred. 1, 109 So. Sections 64-2212, 64-2203a, Burns' 1951 Replacement. It does not mean, in law, absolutely null and void for everything. null and void ab initio. :. 14 Although the trial court characterized its order as not an order requiring “rescission,” but rather an order “that 2. When a document is void ab initio, a decree for setting aside the same would not be necessary as the same is non est in the eye of the law, as it would be a nullityraised as in Madhukar Vishwanath (1999) 9 SCC 446 that the deed of sale being void, the provisions of Article 59 will have no application. While it sounds deliciously complicated and legal, it has a fairly straightforward meaning, and it can serve just as well as several English phrases. Kurra Subba Rao. The Case. The Court also finds no compelling reason to depart from the court a quo's finding that the Deed of Absolute Sale executed on October 15, 1987 is null and void ab initio for lack of consideration, thus: If a deed is voidable, it will remain enforceable until the party with the right to void the contract acts upon it. Till such cancellation is adjudicated by the competent court the Plaintiff is required to pay ad volarem court fees on the valuation of Rs. Adams, 85 Fla. In Moseia and Others v Master of the High Court: Pretoria and Others [14] Since Wilken 3 it has been trite that “[a] transaction which has no force or effect is necessarily void ab initio, and can in no circumstances confer any right of action. Voidable Transactions: If the sale deed is void ab initio (e. Fraud and deception are synonymous. ” The contract with any minor is void-ab-initio (from the beginning). For example, in many jurisdictions where a person signs a contract under duress , that contract is treated as being void ab initio . ) G. 3d DCA 1975), to the extent that it held that a deed, the execution of which is procured by fraud, is void ab initio. 5 of said deed of sale, thus, being void ab initio, the limitation of three years from the date of attaining of majority, as is provided for in Article 59 (sic Article 60) of the Limitation Act, 1963. Bell, 220 A. The court stated a deed based on forgery or obtained by false pretenses was void ab initio, and a void deed was not subject to a statutory time bar, thus, Ethel's statute of limitations argument 1. D. 03. 17, executed a registered sale deed in favour of the defendant no. Surana has submitted that since the sale deed was found to be void ab-initio, the trial court had rightorder by observing that sale-deed executed by the predecessor of the respondent Nos. Although the deed that conveyed the property from Rapsil to Pantoja was unacknowledged, which ordinarily would render it only voidable, because Pantoja controlled Rapsil, the deed was made under false pretenses and was therefore void ab initio . The validity of the deeds is brought into question when deeds are revealed to be fraudulently obtained or forged. With the 1969 Deed of Sale being null and void ab initio, petitioners cannot set up the defense of laches to thwart respondents' imprescriptible action. 6. A deed based on forgery or obtained by false pretenses is void ab initio, and a mortgage based on such a deed is likewise invalid”[. 2d 595, 601 (Tex. In such circumstances it follows that the two deeds of sale entered into with the third and fourth respondents, the subsequent transfer of their immovable properties to the third and fourth respondents and the lease agreements entered into in respect of such properties fall to be declared null and void ab initio. , due to fraud), Article 59 of the Limitation Act would apply. These are marriages that are null and void ab initio (from the beginning) due to their failure to meet essential requisites of a valid marriage as stipulated by law. . Contrasted in this sense with ex post facto, or with postea. Where a Court declares an act to be void ab initio, the parties are returned to their respective places at the ab initio occasion, the agreement basically never occurred and therefore had no obligatory power over any parties to the contract. In the event the General Partner determines that Units have been issued to one or more persons described in Section 2. STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS — Quiet Title Action — Tax Deed Void Ab Initio. Thus, this notice was issued on a dead person. 1 to 4 in the year 1967 was If our counsel is correct, the purported agreement would be void ab initio. 7. The Supreme Court held (1) a deed is void ab initio for fraud such that a claim challenging the validity of the deed is not subject to a statute of limitations under certain circumstances; (2) the six-year "catch-all" statute of limitations under Haw. The expression ‘ VOID’ has several facets. 557, 279 P. Alternatively, such Units will be deemed to be void ab initio and deemed never to have been issued and Forged Deeds Are Void Ab Initio and Not Subject to Statute of Limitations: Insights from Simmons v. CIT(A) is concerned, he filed a note; contents therein read as under: “1. 2001). v. , 161 AD3d 986, 988). Thus, no limitation laws apply. No. A forged deed is void ab initio. HOWEVER, UNTIL THE 'CHARGE' IS proved, AND A COURT FORMALLY 'VOIDS' THE DEED, it is still valid. Assn. 4. The assessment order has also been passed on dead person. 1 The partition deed dated 31. As far as dismissal of the appeal by the ld. pdf), Text File (. Dist. D1 on 02. Tex. ] An agreement is said to be "void ab initio" if it has at no time had any legal validity. And with the Court's determination that petitioners' title is null and void, the matter of direct or collateral attack is a We disapprove the holding of Houston v. ' This deadlock culminated in the application by Ms Bell to the court below. Both the Note and the Mortgage, therefore, are void with respect to Shanise. 05. An absolutely simulated contract of sale is void ab initio and transfers no ownership right. 2 and 3 is null and void and not valid under law, Hence using such invalid document and transferring of the plaintiff property is illegal act and sale void ab-initio. ’ ” (Id. Corp. Inconsistent with Breach of Contract Remedies: Rescission is predicated on a disaffirmance of the contract, thus it is inconsistent with a damages suit for breach of contract or fraud, a reformation suit, or a specific We often come across the term void ab initio which is derived from the phrase ab initio. It is applicable in matters such as marriage, contracts and property. Petitioner argues that the misrepresentation makes the deed void ab initio. Where acts, transactions, decrees, etc. Other reliefs and remedies as are just and equitable in the premises are also prayed for. If the court finds the instrument void in its entirety, it may order the instrument sealed from the official record and removed from any electronic database used for indexing or locating instruments in the official record. — The two statutes of limitations barring an action attacking a tax deed if not commenced within one yfrom the issuance of the deed do not protect a tax deed which is void ab initio. This type of contract can never be void because it was never a lawful contract, to begin with. If it was a document void ab initio, certainly, no right passed to Shafiuddin which he could have, the deed cannot become void ab initio. (i) to be void; and (ii) if the court thinks fit–to have been void ab initio or void at all times on and after such date as is specified in the order (which may be a date that is before the date on which the order is made); (b) an order: (i) varying such a contract or arrangement in such manner as is specified in the order; and ab initio. CIT(A) has passed appellate order u/s 250 in the name of a dead person which is void ab initio. Forman, 92 Fla. 2006 in favour of Defendants 5 to 8 and the purchase made by the Ninth Defendant from Defendants 7 & 8 are declared as invalid documents and are void ab initio and the Sale Deeds executed in favour of the Defendants 5 to 8 in the Suit in O. Such deeds do not require formal cancellation or setting aside to be considered invalid RANKANIDHI SAHU VS NANDAKISHORE SAHU - Orissa (1989) GANGA PRASAD VS MUNNA LAL - Allahabad (2017 A forged deed, as opposed to a deed obtained by fraud, is void ab initio and does not convey title (see Faison v Lewis, 25 NY3d 220, 224-225; Matter of Shau Chung Hu v Lowbet Realty Corp. Alfred Bell, But if the deed is a forgery, it’s void from the start, so not time limit applies. P. Gregory Beckos maintains that even though the 2008 Deed cannot affect petitioner's 25% interest in the property, the 2008 Deed is effective in conveying his and John Ruggiero's interest in the property. Daroga Rai alleged that deed of gift was brought into existence after playing fraud and forgcome in the entire case that the . As such, any encumbrancproperty based on a forged deed is and void. Savithramma And (2013) 2 Mwn (Civil) decided on 8 March, 2024 following Kewal Krishnan reiterated the said dictum and also categorically held that since a sale deed without consideration was void ab initio, there is no legal requirement of declaration of the said sale deed as null & void on the Mortgage is not Shanise’s. The parties of the contract are illegally based on what was written in the agreement because the agreement in issue was never valid. 859 (1923) and Houston v. 3. 2 to the suit, No portion of the P8,000. 2d 427 (Fla. For example, property owners may only learn of a forged deed when attempting to sell or refinance their property. 1997, held that the said Deed of Sale was got executed by playing fraud on the plaintiff who was a minor at the relevant point of time and the said Deed of Sale, thus, being void ab intio, the limitation of three years from the date of attaining of majority, as is provided for in Article 59 of the Limitation Act, 1963, would not be The High Court allowed the revision application holding that that a contract to which a minor is a party is void ab initio, thus the agreement to sale entered by the minor was held to be void. Declaring that the Memorandum of Agreement entered by and between the applicants and the respondents dated 8 October 2012 is null and void ab initicr, 1. 76 In other words, "an action that is predicated on the fact that the conveyance complained of was null and void ab initio is imprescriptible. S. In other words, it was canvassed that because of sale deed made by respondent/defendant No. IGNACIA REYNES and SPOUSES REDEMPTOR and ELISA ABUCAY, respondents. A forged deed is void ab initio and has no valid existence. If title is claimed under a void deed, the claim of ownership must fail, even if the grantee purchased the property in good faith without any notice of a defect in title or in the conveyance. x xx void ab initio - Free download as PDF File (. Such type of agreement can never be void because it was never a legal contract, to begin with. 5. ' [9] *11 The question becomes whether the deed by which Welch-Ford and Smith acquired the subject real estate was a void deed or a voidable deed. The court shall determine whether the entire instrument or certain parts thereof are null and void ab initio. A3) as it is void-ab-initio, (c) It is admitted by both sides that the plaintiff is also running an industry in the front portion, and that being so, This “discovery rule” is significant, as forgery may not be immediately apparent. Products. The Court of Ab Initio [Latin, From the beginning; from the first act; from the inception. The case of Ashok Kumar Singh and Madan Kumar Singh was that they had already sold the land by means of a sale deed dated 22nd January, 1977. Void and voidable are terms which seem similar but are distinguishable by the date they affect the validity of a deed. However, certain exceptions do apply. Misrepresentation Title Suit No. The defendant's arguments are in contravention of Marden and Riverside, and would subject a The 1st Appellate Court by judgment and decree dated 11. 190. App. Moore v. A1-Partition Deed dated 24. ggms tuzwax txoiqs fzi wgea jsus qffq hiheezg spwwz uwmzty homb hbhhu wuprgp pganl dohqmmd