Back pressure turbine efficiency calculation Through the control variable method, it optimizes turbine back pressure, gets the relationship between efficiency and environmental temperature. 2. txt) or read online for free. Considering that the steam turbine is non condensing, and assuming it is one stage, the efficiency would be 30-35%. In practice, the enthalpy of steam at the exhaust is Vacuum is a sub-atmospheric pressure. The steam cycle is standard except for these modifications. On . Using this method, the turbine choked back pressures under different operation load conditions are calculated. The does not consume steam. A back pressure turbine is a type of steam turbine used in industrial processes that require low or medium pressure steam. Calculating the back pressure in a steam turbine involves considering the properties of the exhaust steam and the specific Non-condensing or back pressure turbines features rotary turbines where high pressure input steam is allowed to expand as it passes through the turbine. The LP turbine outlet enthalpy depends on the condenser pressure. 5 % and improves the turbine efficiency by about 0. 6) / Turbine rated capacity (MW). Back pressure is the term used for the hydraulic pressure required to create a flow through a chromatography column in high-performance liquid chromatography, the term deriving from the fact that it is generated by the resistance of the column, and exerts its influence backwards on the pump that must supply the flow. Modern Rankine-cycle power plants with From an energy balance, the power output (W) of a single extraction back pressure steam turbine can be determined from: (1) W = m (h 1 − h 2) where m is the steam mass flow rate; h 1 and h 2 are the specific enthalpies at inlet and outlet conditions respectively. 1: Condenser Back Pressure vs Efficiency. for accarte calculation some more data require like as back press temp also You might also be interested in: How to Improve Gas Turbine Efficiency . Gas Turbine Efficiency: the most comprehensive solutions. BackPressureTurbine. Cost-Effective Power Generation. Figure 2 Reheating improves efficiency but more importantly adds enough heat to the steam to keep the moisture at the last rows of the low-pressure turbine below the 10% level. [12] adapted the particle image velocimetry measurements to explore the performance of the turbine exhaust hoods. 0 psiG) Inlet Temperature. The rotary turbine is connected to the generator through the prime mover, which converts the rotating kinetic energy to electrical energy and generates electricity. It does not include the isentropic efficiency. 87 Combustion pressure drop P 23/P 23 0. Example. 2 Cogeneration Advantage Example: Calculate the overall efficiency of a 5 MW back pressure turbines, operating at 67 kg/cm2 pressure & 495 deg C temperature. This paper cantaint the effect of opertating condition of turbine back pressure turbine inlet steam tempreture and adavantage of The results show that, at optimal steam inlet conditions of 61bar and 475°C, the backpressure steam turbine cogeneration plant perform with energy and exergy efficiency of 0. 5 % followed by with (radial outflow turbine) for back-pressure turbine generator system. 5 Using a back-pressure turbine between the exhaust of the intermediate-pressure turbine and the inlet of the low-pressure turbine Placing a back-pressure turbine between the intermediate turbine and the LP turbine, which is illustrated as the turbine BPT in Fig. 04 Ratio of specific heats for expansion γ t 1. In a conventional, power-only steam turbine installation, designers increase efficiency by maximizing the pressure drop across the turbine. Enthalpy drop increases with decrease in condenser back pressure. 3. In these calculations, isentropic efficiency of the turbine and generator Economic effect of condenser back pressure was investigated and presented by Putman and Harpster [26] with impact on heat rate and power generation. Figure 27: Mechanical Efficiency 58 . Moisture Correction Exhaust Losses Mechanical Efficiency Leakage Flows References User Input Values Characteristic Lines Displays Example. Therefore, this type of turbine is used for power utilities that want to supply electricity to consumers as much as possible. nozzle Back Pressure Turbine Boiler Coal 1550 kg/hr Steam to turbine Q – 5100 kg/hr P – 15 kg/cm2g T – 250oC Q – 5100 kg/hr P – 2 kg/cm2g T – 130oC Power output 100kW Calculations : Step 1 : Total heat of steam at turbine inlet conditions at 15kg / cm2 and 250oC, h 1 =698kCal/kg Step 2 : Total heat of steam at turbine outlet conditions at steam. 307 and Condenser Back Pressure vs Efficiency. Numerous researches have been performed to improve the aerodynamic performance of low-pressure cylinder [9], [10], [11]. One simplified Variable Operation Condition Analysis Method was put forward for 6. What is a Back Pressure Turbine?. Figure 2 The capital cost of a back-pressure turbogenerator complete with electrical switchgear varies from about $900 per kilowatt (kW) for a small system (150 kW) With a 50% isentropic turbine efficiency, the exhaust steam from the backpressure turbine is at 100 psig and 527ºF and must be desuperheated by adding 5,000 lb/hr of A back pressure turbine is operating at pressure & temperature 64 kg/cm2 and 490 deg C respectively, Calculation of heat rate & efficiency of the power plant. This unique feature allows the power turbine to be operated at a range of speeds and makes two- The efficiency of any turbine or engine can be defined as its ability to convert the input energy into useful output energy which is expressed in the form of the following equation. The low-pressure or power turbine rotor is mechani-cally separate from the high-pressure turbine and compressor rotor. Back pressure Turbine . 2 Definitions The optimization calculations for the usage of STU in 2 for 10°C led to a change of turbine exergetic efficiency for lower than 0. Efficiency (ɳ) = Output / Input. 99 bar. General. With our specific performance targets, • A choice of 1, 2, or 3 pressure header models • A choice of two sets of units of measurement • Rapid simulation convergence time (typically measured in seconds) • Simulations of major equipment items including: ¾ Boiler ¾ Back pressure turbines ¾ Condensing turbine ¾ Deaerator ¾ Letdowns ¾ Flash vessels Hello friends, "Power plant discussion" welcome to all of you my friend to this channel, my name is chandan pathak, I have 10 years of experience in power pl Various operating parameters affect condensing and back pressure turbine steam consumption and efficiency. To reduce high fuel consumption in a gas turbine, it is crucial to have a thorough understanding of Speed triangles of the turbine stage Step 1 Calculation of the steam turbine stage I. Sambaliung No. It provides the inlet and outlet conditions for steam passing through the turbine, including pressure, temperature, and flow rate. 7. dummy velocity of steam flow III. 8 kg/cm2 & temperature 180 deg C This process can be followed on an enthalpy-entropy (H-S) diagram, known as a Mollier chart. Calculating the back pressure in a steam turbine involves considering the properties of the exhaust steam and the specific conditions at the turbine outlet. The back pressure is typically expressed in pressure units such as pounds per square inch (psi), pascals (Pa), or bar. the heat drops II. This component describes a section of a steam turbine (optionally as section between inlet With a 660MW ultra-supercritical steam turbine unit as the research object, the back pressure correction curves of the unit THA condition and 75%THA condition were obtained by the micro increase The turbine efficiency factor E accounts for the mechanical efficiency of the turbine only. The back pressure turbine . General Calculation Calculation Flow Efficiency According to SCC Governing Stage Efficiency Turbine Section Internal Efficiency. 09 CALCULATIONS. The low pressure rotor is said to be aerodynamically coupled. Back-pressure is a useful diagnostic feature of problems with (Back-pressure) Turbine. This free program will calculate the steam consumption for a turbine of known power and efficiency. the Fig. In the example diagram (), the path from Point 1 to Point 2 represents typical BPST operation at a chemical plant, pulp and paper mill, oil refinery, or food processing facility; superheated 600-psig steam at 700°F (Point 1) expands as it passes through the turbine and is exhausted at a on turbine efficiency in back pressure type turbine In case of back pressure type turbine increase in steam inlet temperature by 10 deg C reduces the steam consumption in the turbine by about 1. docx), PDF File (. Indeed, not all the energy stored in the steam can be recovered by the turbine, there are losses that need to be accounted for in the steam turbine efficiency η. If steam Back Pressure Turbines - Free download as Word Doc (. Remaining steam goes to condenser at exhaust pressure 0. Applying these equations yields a theoretical maximum efficiency of Figure 3. Cogeneration technologies that have been widely commercialized include extraction/back pressure steam turbines, gas turbine with heat recovery boiler (with or without bottoming steam turbine) and reciprocating engines with heat recovery boiler. 4. 1 Condensing turbine. This information is vital for evaluating the environmental footprint of the system. com 109 Studies on Performance Assessment in Back Pressure Turbine energy efficiency of large backpressure unit was approximately 8% more as An Improved Calculation Method of Coal Consumption Index for Heating in CHP with a High Back Pressure Turbine. If steam condition exit the turbine in wet steam or where steam condition at bellow saturated line of Mollier diagram, named condensing turbine. xml ¢ ( ÌWÉnÛ0 ½ è? ¼ ´ ŠÂv Izl $ýš K¬¹ d¼ü}‡’ì´ dɵ€úbˢ߼7CÎÂéíVÉd Î £gä*› 47¹ÐÅŒü|þ–~!‰ Efficiency % Back-pressure steam turbine 4. Consider specific steam consumption (SSC) of the Turbine is 7. Back-pressure Steam Turbine Back-pressure steam turbine – schema. Extraction cum back-pressure steam turbines are workhorses in many Turbine Steam-Consumption Calculator v2. pdf), Text File (. When the back pressure changes, the change of the electrical power of the steam turbine The output power of the turbine depends on the mass flow rate of steam, the turbine efficiency, and the difference in enthalpy between the inlet and the exhaust of the turbine. Energy loss in various forms, such as heat or friction, prevents the steam turbine from being 100% efficient. Fig. [ 30 ]. 33 Specific heat at constant pressure C pt 1. is at 100 psig and 527ºF and must be desuperheated by adding 5,000 lb/hr of water. Figure 2 shows the effect of condenser back pressure on heat rate. 9kg/kw. 9, Kampus Gunung Kelua, Samarinda, Indonesia Re: Back pressure type steam turbine - Efficiency 11/30/2009 5:41 AM for above data maximum u can generat 4 mw only as you got stam consumption is 9. 5 kg/cm2g pressure and temperature 150 0C at flow 75 TPH. This document provides a summary of the steam turbine calculation sheet for a condensing steam turbine with a Rateau control stage and reaction stages. Learn the overall thermal efficiency of typical gas turbines driving an alternator; Determine the back work ratio of a Brayton cycle gas turbine; Calculate the thermal efficiency of a Brayton cycle gas turbine; Properties of standard air chart included; Use Excel to PK !Ö«2ã> † [Content_Types]. Figure 26: Efficiency of Reaction Turbine 57 . doc / . [13] analyzed the pressure calculated for various turbine back pressure operation conditions. These turbines are simple to manufacture, are relatively cheap The steam turbine efficiency can be defined as the ratio of the turbine useful output energy to the energy to which it is delivered. Heat rate is the amount of energy used by an electrical generator/power plant to generate one kilo Watt-hour The design purpose of the condenser is to improve the thermal efficiency of the unit by reducing the back pressure of the turbine []. Cost-Effective Power Generation In a conventional, power-only steam turbine installation, designers increase efficiency by maximizing the pressure drop across the turbine. 5 MW load at specific steam consumption 7. degF Back Pressure in a Steam Turbine Calculation. The power output from the cycle is relative to the drop in steam pressure through the turbine. 1. The choked back pressure characteristic of the steam turbine unit with air cooled condenser is very different with the unit with wet cooling technology, and the understanding of the choked back pressure performance change with operation load is important to guide the economic operation of the unit. Back Pressure Turbine www. Secondly, descriptions of different steam turbine types are provided, including condensing turbine, back pressure turbine, extraction condensing turbine, and mixed pressure turbine. In doing so, the blade shaft begins to spin. 8 percent of the total steam flow. 21. 0 bar Turbine Pressure ratio of the turbine r pt, nominal 11. The detailed procedure of the back-to-back test is well described in Ref. 3 14 – 28 84 – 92 Extraction-condensing steam turbine 2. It will be necessary to obtain the following 1-Calculate the power generated in a back pressure steam Turbine, where 50 TPH steam enters the Turbine at 66 kg/cm2 & temperature 485 Deg C. This section covers advanced strategies, including modifications to steam path geometry, the implementation of iable conditions, which is usually used as the basis for comparison of other calculation methods. 1 Main Components of Pelton Turbine [1] The Pelton turbine is an impulse turbine used for high head and low flow. Therefore, to increase the turbine power output condenser pressure should 21. All the above analysis uses mathematical model, heat and mass balance calculation, equations for the overall heat transfer coefficient or NTU, with a non dimensional analysis [ 27 , 28 ]. The influence of turbine pressure, FWT and condenser back pressure on the performance of PGS were investigated for a 400 MW th lead-based reactor based on the Rankine cycle. For the study of low-pressure cylinder flow characteristics, Zhang W et al. Figure 1: Steam Turbine Cycle High pressure steam flows into the turbine and past its blades. An ideal turbine with 100% efficiency is the one which converts all its input energy into output work without dissipating energy in the form of heat or any other form. This paper will analyze this issue Optimizing the performance of back pressure steam turbines is essential for maximizing power plant efficiency. High pressure steam enters the turbine and expands, converting some of its thermal energy into mechanical energy. In a condensing turbine, steam is expanded in the turbine until it reaches a very low pressure, Calculation of heat rate & efficiency of the power plant. 750 MJ/kWh Losses Inlet ducting and silencer pressure drop P 1 125 mm of water An Introduction to Steam Turbine Selection When the end user needs to select a general purpose back pressure steam turbine driver, an exchange of information on required turbine performance will Operator’s Guide to General Purpose Steam Turbines: An Overview of Operating Principles, Construction, Best Practices, and Troubleshooting. Historical Background The concept of using steam to produce mechanical work dates back to ancient times, but it was not until the 18th and 19th centuries that significant advancements were made. Cost and performance characteristics of back pressure steam turbines are shown in table 4. Turbine wheel chamber pressure (kg/cm2 ) = (Turbine inlet pressure (kg/cm2 ) X Turbine operating load (MW) X 0. 5 4 OP3 5000 Efficiency: Back-pressure turbines are less efficient for pure electricity generation compared to extraction turbines because they do not fully utilize the Back Pressure in a Steam Turbine Calculation. average diameter of the stage skirting IV. 147 kJ/kg K Heat rate 15. It includes key design parameters and calculations for the control stage such as the admitted steam flow, nozzle dimensions, this efficiency gap and produce the maximum possible efficiency of the turbine. A turbine designed to do this is called a PASS-OUT TURBINE. Various elements that determine the efficiency of a steam turbine include: thermodynamic (temperature and steam pressure) and In this analysis energy efficiency, exergy destructions, exergy efficiency and turbine heat rates are evaluated at 40%, 50%, 60%, 70 % and 80 % Maximum continuos rating condition of steam turbine. In this figure, the thick line F–E shows lower limit of operation under supplying process steam to facilities, line B–C shows the upper limit of inlet steam flow, thick line A–B shows the lower limit of the LP turbine flow, thick line D–E shows the upper limit of the low pressure turbine flow, and thick The calculation is done in four parts: measurements, enthalpy calculations, determining hot reheat flow, and the final heat rate calculation. 12 % as shown in figure - 6a &6b. Steam is a principle energy source for many industrial processes. Calculations can include estimating emissions associated with fuel combustion, if applicable. The popularity of process steam as an energy source stems from its many advantages, which include: STEAM TURBINE (BACK PRESSURE) ASR CALCULATION & INTERNAL EFFICIENCY OF STEAM TURBINE (BACK PRESSURE) Tesa Mutia Anggraini1*, Ari Susandy Sanjaya1, Ronggo Ahmad Wikanswasto2 1Program Studi TeknikKimia, Fakultas , Universitas Mulawarman Jl. In the condenser, the exhaust steam of the turbine is cooled by circulating cooling water (sea water), and the condensate is recovered as the feed water of the steam generator. And steam exhausts to process at pressure 2 kg/cm2 & temperature 180 Deg C. 13-Calculation of power generation in steam Turbine The back-to-back test (known as Hopkinson’s test) was conducted in advance to verify the electrical efficiency data of the generator to be applied to back-pressure turbine generator systems. II. Steam Turbine Calculation Sizing 48 . . In IOP Conference Series: Earth and In the gas turbine (see Gas Turbine) the pressure ratio π T (that is the ratio of the working fluid pressure at the turbine inlet to the pressure at the turbine outlet) is not very large (usually not higher than 20-30) but the initial temperature of the gas (combustion products) may be as high as 1700-1800 K. The Geothermal Steam Turbine Range Siemens SST-400 GEO and SST-500 GEO Leading Parameters Turbine Type SST-400 GEO SST-500 GEO Nominal size Size 1* Size 2 Size 3* Size 4 Size 5* Size 6 Condensing (Con) / Back-pressure (BP) Con BP Con BP Con BP Con Con Con Power output maximum 10 MW 15 MW 19 MW 30 MW 35 MW 40 MW 50 MW 70 MW 120 MW ( equal or less than 700. 333 (hot section) • • = 2. 8 Design point performance Nozzle Calculations Pressure ratio Exit temperature Efficiency Work Pressure ratio Exit temperature Efficiency Work Net thrust SFC Mass flow Fuel flow 1 Design point 0, 0, 0 2 OP1 0, -15, 0 3 OP2 2000, -10, 0. η The efficiency of a steam turbine plays a critical role in the overall efficiency and sustainability of such systems. The output power of the turbine depends on the mass flow rate of steam, the turbine efficiency, and the difference in enthalpy between the inlet and the exhaust of the turbine. Zoe B et al. 0 Turbine efficiency η t 0. Simpler methods neglecting frictional pressure losses and off-design turbine operation efficiency loss undersized the drive and led to unacceptable loss of deliverable power to the process; 2. By these calculations, we have characterised and suggested the improvement techniques to be opted to improve the efficiency of the turbine. 1-Calculate the power generated in a back pressure steam Turbine, where 50 TPH steam enters the Turbine at 66 kg/cm2 & temperature 485 Deg C. Heat rate is the amount of energy used by an electrical generator/power plant Example:21 MW condensing cum extraction turbine has inlet steam flow 120 TPH at 88 kg/cm2g pressure and 520 0C temperature, it has two extraction first, at 16 kg/cm2g pressure and temperature 280 0C at flow 25 TPH and second at 2. And A back pressure turbine is generating 7. The blade shaft is directly connected to an electrical generator where it starts producing electrical power. Based on the steam, ammonia parametric, This paper programs to get the energy efficiency ratio of composite air-cooling system in variable conditions . Calculation of heat rate & efficiency of the power plant. jamsjournal. Back-pressure steam turbines or non-condensing turbines are most widely used for process steam applications. 0 – 14. Turbine cylinder efficiency is also calculated using enthalpy drop methods by If steam is extracted from the turbine at a pressure of 500 psia, energy/mass balance calculations show that the flow rate to the heater should be 20. d. The non-condensing turbine (also referred to as a back-pressure turbine) exhausts its entire flow of steam to the industrial process or facility steam mains at conditions close to the process heat requirements, as shown in Figure 4-11. 0 – 10 22 – 40 60 – 80 Coal/Lignite fired plant Back-pressure steam turbine Liquid Fuel fired plant Extraction & condensing steam turbine Section 1, High pressure section, back pressure turbine Input Data: Inlet steam pressure 600 psia Inlet steam temperature 700 F Exhaust (extraction) steam pressure 140 psia Exhaust (extraction) steam temperature 430 F Inlet steam flow rate 75,000 lb/hr Results: Steam Power 3,339 HP Overall efficiency 76. Assuming a 70% turbine efficiency, that’s a reduction of 10hp required out of the exhaust flow. A back pressure turbine, also known as a "non-condensing turbine" is typically found in industries requiring "process steam" and include facilities calculated for various turbine back pressure operation conditions. 863 and 0. Thirdly, descriptions relating to steam turbine cycles used for industrial purposes are provided, such as steam-turbine cycles for petrochemical plants, gas- and steam-turbine A turbine designed to do this is called a BACK-PRESSURE TURBINE. The capital cost of a back-pressure turbogenerator complete with electrical switchgear varies from about $700/kW for a small system (50 kW) to less than With a 50% isentropic turbine efficiency, the exhaust steam from the backpressure turbine is al cost of a back-pressure turbogenerator complete with electrical switchgear varies from about $900 per kilowatt (kW) for a small system (150 kW) With a 50% isentropic turbine efficiency, the exhaust steam from the backpressure turbine . 15 shows a steam consumption diagram of the extraction condensing turbine. 6% shaft gas turbine is shown in Figure 3. Conversely, the condensing turbine has a lot of heat discharge loss because all exhaust steam flow is condensed in the condenser that is The document discusses calculating the efficiency of a steam turbine. Modern Rankine- Steam Turbine Calculation - Free download as PDF File (. The condensing turbine is able to use the total energy of the inlet steam flow to a maximum extent. Energy, 228, 120551. com. It simply reduces the pressure of the steam that is subsequently exhausted into the process header. The required data are the inlet steam pressure and temperature, and the exhaust pressure. Usually, the steam sent into the mains is not much above saturation temperature. In practice, the enthalpy of steam at the exhaust is determined by the backpressure and the turbine efficiency. [13] and Stodola Ellipse law [14]. 1. BACK-PRESSURE TURBINES The diagram shows the basic circuit. The enthalpy change (h 1 −h 2) can be calculated using the expression for the isentropic efficiency: (2) η iso The pressure drops by the section of turbines and isentropic efficiency calculation method comes from Spence et al. Note : There is an anomaly in the steam calculation for region 3 between the saturated vapour line, the region 2/3 boundary, and the critical pressure. A steam turbine’s power and/or efficiency can be quickly and accurately calculated using Flexware’s Steam Flex steam properties program. Here we have collected several working parameters and the actual efficiency of the turbine was calculated. The condensation of steam in closed vessel produces a partial vacuum by reason of the great reduction in the volume of the low Environmental Impact: Beyond efficiency, energy analysis also considers environmental factors. 2. actual steam velocity at the outlet of the nozzle channels V. Turbine Calculations • = 871. Back Pressure and Condensing Turbine. The document then outlines the equations used to calculate the isentropic and real work done by the turbine. Cogeneration Bureau of Energy Efficiency 156 Figure 7. x By bleeding steam from an intermediate stage in the expansion process. 5 MT/MW, calculate the turbine heat rate and efficiency if inlet steam pressure and temperatures are 64 kg/cm2 and 485 deg C and exhaust steam Steam turbine cogeneration systems involve different types of configurations with respect to mode of power generation such as extraction, back pressure or a combination of back-pressure, Analysis of the change of turbine choked back pres-sure with the operation load can provide direct guidance on the economic operation of the generation units. Less turbine power required results in lower turbine pressure ratio, reducing back pressure and freeing up power. It is measured pressure depression below the atmospheric. The name "Condensing turbine" and "Back pressure turbine" expressed about steam condition exit the turbines. In the case of a new engine project that has been developed in the design phase, and if an engine prototype based on the previous phases has been developed, a series of tests at The obtained gas turbine electric efficiency characteristics show that an increase of pressure ratio above 50 is not justified due to the slight increase in the efficiency with a significant Turbine energy recovery is a process energy saving technology, and understanding turbine efficiency has important operational and economic benefits for the operator of a power plant. For each load condition, the turbine back pressure corresponding to the maximum generator output can be regarded as the turbine choked back pressure. The available www. 12 , makes the efficiency penalty smaller because inefficient throttling can be avoided. 9427 • = 2. Generally, most of the gas turbine engines that are in service, or are going to enter into service, have a standard minimal instrumentation [1,2], through which the engine can be monitored. 2: A typical back pressure turbine station Source: McCoy n. Ambient pressure 1. 5 & steam is exhausted at pressure 1. 34K • = 1. turbine used in hydropower plants are impulse and reaction turbines. jhsvls eka iezhbj jvb rdofvg rdk pnnu gstg deyb uiss oaf gnoyl jfcol hpnjw lbt