Erlkonig poem pdf
Erlkonig poem pdf. Translation by Richard Wigmore. Erlkonig settings, it is second only to Schubert's in fame. It was originally And if you're not willing, then force I'll employ!" "Now father, o father, he's seizing my arm. A lyrical, jolly melody, marked ppp. Download and print in PDF or MIDI free sheet music of Erlkönig, D. READING HEINRICH HEINE. 328 - Franz Schubert for Erlkönig, D. But the child sees a forest split, the Erelong. The singer takes the role of four characters — the narrator, a father, his small son, and the titular "Erlking", a supernatural creature who pursues the boy — each of whom exhibit different tessitura, harmonic and rhythmic characteristics. Screams the news that the Erlking has grabbed him and he is hurting. for over a century and a half compelled tivated, listen- his powerful interpretation of the poem. He eats plants, milk from his goat, and sometimes animals. The combination of G and A minor with B-flat and C major undoubtedly contributes to the piece's spooky atmosphere. ) Every school child learns this poem; it is now a common collection of recognized phrases, each with a The Erlking 's here with his train and crown! My son, the fog moves up and down. The narrator steps into a "darkening clearing" where the Erl-King sits among the forest creatures, which seem to belong to him. Sectional Form of Becker's"Erlkonig" 33 XIX. Erlkönig (ballad) "Erlkönig" illustration, Moritz von Schwind. The Beggar's Rags, fluttering in Air, Does to Rags the Heavens tear. The unsettling power of the wood is soon ascribed to the Erlking, whose presence permeates it. Der Erlkönig (The Erlking) by Goethe. The elfin-king with his crown and train!” “My son, ’t is a streak of the misty rain!” “Come hither, thou darling, come, go with me! Fine games I know that I ’ll play with thee; Flowers many and bright do my kingdoms hold, My mother has many a robe of gold. It tells the story of a young boy riding on his horse, as he is pursued by a supernatural creature known as the Erlkonig. By the time the father and son have arrived home, the boy is dead, the Erl King having taken him through force. The Babe that weeps the Rod beneath Writes Revenge in realms of death. The poet Johann Goethe then wrote a poem based on this song. ” — “O father! O father! now, now keep your hold, The Erl-King has seized me — his grasp is so cold!”. Go to the Documents tab to access merging, splitting, locking, or unlocking functions. ” “O father, dear father, and dost thou not hear What the elfin-king L1-4: Erlking – Again trying to entice boy to go with him, speaks about his daughters and the fun they will all have together. Al Aaraaf Alone Annabel Lee The Bells The Bridal Ballad The City in the Sea The Coliseum The Conqueror Worm (from Ligeia) A Dream Dreamland Dreams A Dream Within a Dream Eldorado Elizabeth An Enigma Eulalie Evening Star Fairyland For Annie "The Happiest Day" The Haunted Palace Hymn Hymn to Aristogeiton and Sep 8, 2020 · Schubert, Franz, 1797-1828. "The Erl-King" or "The Alder King" ("Erlkönig" in German) is a German ballad written by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in 1782. He wrote it in 1782. Sectional Form of Cowell's "Erl-King" 32 XVIII. " Dear father, oh father, and do you not hear. “Ich liebe dich, mich reizt deine schöne Gestalt; Und bist du nicht willig, so brauch ich Gewalt. You cannot overwrite this file. . The Erl-King lives alone in a one-room hut in the middle of the forest. The poem tells the story of a father and his son, who is being pursued by the Erlking, a supernatural creature. It depicts the death of a child assailed by a supernatural being, the Erlking or "Erlkönig". The wind stirs the dark wood; it blows through the bushes. Figure 1. GIBBS. He lives among animals, surviving off the land, and has dried leaves in his long, wild hair. Mit Müh und Not. The ErlKing has done me the cruelest harm!" The father shudders, his ride is wild. ‘Father, father, now he’s seizing me! The Erlking has hurt me!’. Erlkönig is a ballad by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. The Bleat, the Bark, Bellow & Roar Are Waves that Beat on Heaven's Shore. Schubert's Uncanny Erlkonig. The text comes originally from Danish mythology, which was translated to German in 1778 by Johann Gottfried von Herder for a collection of songs. L4 Apr 23, 2022 · 0/2000 characters. 507 Total read. My lovely daughters your slaves shall be: My daughters dance every night, and they Will rock you, sing you, dance you away. pdf from MUSIC 2730 at Auburn University. It depicts the death of a child assailed by a supernatural being, the Erlkönig, often half-translated as Share, download and print free sheet music of Der Erlkonig Franz Schubert for piano, guitar, flute and more with the world's largest community of sheet music creators, composers, performers, music teachers, students, beginners, artists and other musicians with over 1,000,000 sheet digital music to play, practice, learn and enjoy. Ela está entre seus trabalhos mais reconhecidos e foi musicalizada por compositores como Franz Schubert, Carl Loewe e Ludwig van Beethoven (Que não chegou a completá-la pois morreu). The original poem is in the public domain in the United States and in most, if not all, other countries as well. It was originally Der Erlkonig - Music - Composition + Portfolio. He reaches the farmhouse with effort and We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Um Mitternacht Complete Score The Erlking 's here with his train and crown! My son, the fog moves up and down. Download and print in PDF or MIDI free sheet music of Erlkönig - Carl Loewe for Erlkönig by Carl Loewe arranged by sajack for Piano, Oboe (Piano-Voice) 100%. 1, D 328, is a Lied composed by Franz Schubert in 1815, which sets Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's poem of the same name. 4. The song's lyrics are based on the poem written by Johann Wolfgang Van Goethe. Rearrange and rotate pages, insert new and alter existing texts, add new objects, and take advantage of other helpful tools. Today, it is among his best-known works. " note. “O come and go with me, no longer delay, 25 Or else, silly child, I will drag thee away. [Strophe 4] Mein Vater, mein Vater, und Der Erlkönig; The Erl King. (That probably should have been a German sentence. The Father’s key areas are G minor and its subdominant, C minor. ” Rnger at 308-309. Estimation of publication date based on imprint, which includes statement: k. "My son, wherefore seek'st thou thy face thus to hide?" "Look, father, the Erl-King is close by our side! Dost see not the Erl-King, with crown and with train?" "My son, 'tis the mist rising over the plain. 2 bars intro. ’ ‘Father, my Father, he’s gripped me at last! The Erlking’s hurting me, holding me fast! tionship between the Erlking and the boy is tac-itly expressed when the father does not answer his son, when he shudders in mute horror as the narrator takes over the story in stanza 8. The poem has inspired many artists and musicians since its creation, including Franz Schubert, who composed a famous song based on the poem in 1815. It is part of his singspiel Der Fischerin and is easily one of his most familiar works from the German song repertoire; it gave Schubert his most known dramatic ballad to date. Probably the most well-known setting is that by Franz Schubert . Meine Mutter hat manch gülden Gewand. No. Apr 23, 2019 · Of Franz Liszt's many arrangements of Schubert's lieder, that of "Erlkönig" is one of the most popular. "Erlkönig", Op. Der Erlkönig is a poem by Goethe. The lyrics of “Erlkönig” depict a father riding through the night with his child in his arms. “Erlkönig” illustration, Moritz von Schwind. El Rey de los Elfos [cuya traducción correcta sería: El Rey de los Alisios] es uno de los mejores poemas de Goethe. 1. As far as that goes, the Erlking manuscript would seem to fall, broadly speaking, somewhere between the Kossuth Symphony (1904) and the opera Bluebeard’s Castle (1911). ; Liszt, Franz, 1811-1886. The second poem is entitled Erl King's Daughter by Herder and is a translation from Danish text. This comprehensive study of the nineteenth-century German poet Heinrich Heine is the first to be published in English for many years. He is a symbol of nature’s power but also transcends nature with his magical control. 1,245 reviews 13 followers. File usage. Schubert May 31, 2008 · PDF file of Schubert's Erlkonig In F Minor - Opus1 - D328. Ilustração do Erlkönig por Albert May 1, 2021 · Stein (1989, 145–58) identifies harmonic associations and key motives connected with the Father, Son, and Erlking, as well as highlights Schubert’s use of motivic transposition, transformation, and convergence that conveys the poem’s dramatic narrative. As a child I found the poem in a collection of books at an estate auction. CHRISTOPHER H. Erlkonig is a famous German poem, written by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and first published in 1782. ”. Eichendorff was born of an aristocratic Catholic family in Silesia. ™ An die Musik. Though he was a conscientious official he found his The Erlking’s daughters stand shadowy there? – ‘My Son, my Son, I can see them plain: It’s the ancient Willow-trees shining grey. Schubert's setting of Goethe's Erlkönig (1815) represents the full develop-. Contents. The following page uses this file: Der Erlkönig (Franz Schubert) This thesis comprises a detailed motivic analysis of Schubert's song cycle Winterreise. May 1, 2021 · After considering Goethe’s semantic and structural choices in his Erlkönig, the article maintains that the poem reflects the eternal dynamic of the human maturation process from childhood to adulthood, reflected by an Erlking whose full range of associations includes appearances as a son, a father, and a lover, and whose exploits ultimately The Story behind the Song. It depicts the death of a child assailed by a supernatural being, the Erlking or "Erlkönig" (suggesting the literal transla Jul 7, 2022 · The Erlking symbolizes death, which is to the Romantic a source not only of fear but also of attraction to the unknown and the supernatural. The very objectivity of Goethe’s language is chilling. 328 by Franz Schubert arranged by Wouter Van Burik for Piano, Bass voice (Piano-Voice) Jan 26, 2014 · The fantastic ballad "Erlkönig" by Goethe; about the "diffuse" fears of man. “ Erlkönig ” (also called “ Der Erlkönig “) is a poem by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Sectional Form of Mayer's "Erlkonig" 32 XVII. Readers outside the United States should check their own countries’ copyright laws to be certain they can legally download this ebook. Thes lines convey the idea that Erlking has lost patience and will take the boy by force. The German poem by Goethe opens with a father clutching his feverish child, riding through a windy night. Abstract. " Mein Vater, mein Vater, jetzt faßt er mich an ! Erlkönig hat mir ein Leids getan ! « Je t'aime, ton joli visage me charme, Et si tu ne veux pas, j'utiliserai la force. It consists of eight chapters. RH arpeggio notes in triplets. The mounting suspense in this literary work is almost tangible. 328 by Franz Schubert arranged by Quasi Cantando for Piano, Oboe (Solo) and if you don’t come willingly, I’ll use force. Translated by Ole Irenaeus Wieroed. The father shudders, he rides swiftly, he holds the moaning child in his arms; with one last effort he reaches home; the child lay dead in his arms. 26 - Heinrich Wilhelm Ernst for Grand Caprice Sur 'Le Roi Des Aulnes', Op. pdf Jump up Machlis, Joseph and Forney. The son notices the presence of the Erlking, a mythical character with a crown and a tail. I live, pretty dress my mother will give. 1910. Traduction Allemand ⇨ Français Lieder: Erlkönig, D. Anthony Phelan examines the complete range of Heine’s work, from the early poetry and ‘Pictures of Travel’ to the last poems, includ-ing personal polemic and journalism. The Erl-King touches her with "his irrevocable hand" and shows her the ways of the forest. January 9, 2022. ’ ‘I love you, I’m charmed Jul 7, 2021 · Erlking's daughters in that dark place?" "My son, my son, I see it definitely It is the willow trees looking so grey. Son: The Mein Vater phrase (L3) same as in Stanza 4 and 6 but raised a further semitone, now F-Gb. Also shocking is the language of the poem: it omits any description of the boy’s suffering. My son, my son, I see it well: It is the old grey willows gleaming. Misc. Below are two poems. k Hof- und Musikalienhändler, and on price (81NKr/15 Ngr). Está inspirado en una leyenda muy arraigada en Alemania, a tal punto que cuando el poema fue publicado como parte de una balada, numerosos músicos intentaron adornarla con sus melodías. " "I love you; I'm charmed by your beautiful shape; And if you are not willing, then I will use force. Erlking: L1 is Erlking’s last tuneful pretence. Essay Writing Service. Manch bunte Blumen sind an dem Strand. The clearness of the thoughts that are expressed into Goethe’s poems, the Le Roi des Aulnes Johann Wolfgang Goethe Qui chevauche si tard dans. The story of the Erlkönig derives from the traditional Danish ballad Elveskud: Goethe’s poem was inspired by Johann Gottfried Herder’s translation of a variant of the ballad (Danmarks gamle Folkeviser 47B, from Peter Syv’s 1695 edition) into German as “ Erlkönigs Tochter ” (“The Erl-king’s Daughter”) in his collection of folk songs, Stimmen der Völker in Liedern Jul 17, 2022 · The song "Erlkonig" conveys the piece's intended tonality of anguish, frightened, and eerie. The meoldy and quiet volume perfectly match the Erlking’s sneaky attempts to trick the boy into going with him to the land of the dead. In his arms he's holding the shivering child. Erlkönig is a poem written by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) in 1782. ’ ‘I love you, I’m charmed by your lovely form: And if you’re not willing, I’ll have to use force. Du liebes Kind, komm geh' mit mir! Gar schöne Spiele, spiel ich mit dir. Almost 200 years later, Carter evoked the eeriness of this earlier work with her own ‚Don™t you see, Father, the Erlking™s there, The Alder-King with his crown and robe?™ Œ ‚My son, it™s the trail of mist that flows™. Der Erlkönig. Sore trembled the father; he spurr’d thro’ the wild, Clasping close to his bosom his shuddering child; 30 He reaches his dwelling Tue, 19/04/2016 - 21:45. The translation of the second poem is a bit more crude because it relies on the internet to translate it, but the ideas are still clearly visible. Franz Schubert's 1815 song "Erlkonig" is a song rendition of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's 1782 poetry of the same View Homework Help - Erlkonig Listening Guide. Sep 19, 2016 · "Erlkönig" (1782) is a poem by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. "Der Erlkönig" was one of Schubert's first published work written at the age of 18. Sectional Form of Reissiger's "Erlkonig" 37 XXII. recitative and aria styles as well as piano prelude and interludes . " Erlkönig " (also called " Der Erlkönig ") is a poem by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Der Erlkönig; The Erl King (written and published 1782) This early ballad of Goethe’s is one of the spookiest poems ever written, anticipating the macabre Gothic rhymes of the American poet and illustrator Edward Gorey by two centuries. The p Poem: “The Raven” Author: Edgar Allan Poe, 1809–49 First published: 1845. 31-40. Carl Loewe is relatively unknown today, but he was well respected. My father, my father, now he's grabbing hold of me! Erlking has done me harm! The father shudders, he rides swiftly, He holds in (his) arms the moaning child. Beckoning him to death. He reaches home with toil and dread. This is a version of Erlkönig (Erlkönig, D. Der Erlkönig Music: Franz Schubert (1797-1828) Words: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) Der Erlkönig is the best known of Schubert’s vast output of lieder. F, d. The Soldier arm'd with Sword & Gun, Palsied strikes the Summer's Sun. " Und bist du nicht willig, so brauch ich Gewalt. by Franz Schubert (1797-1828) Date: Genre: Form: Text: Texture: Expression: 1815 German Summary. throughout Europe during his lifetime. The piano, which already had a challenging role in the original song, repeats triplet octaves throughout the entire piece as Chamber Orchestra. A wonderfully haunting illustration of the Goethe poem by multimedia artist Raymond Salvatore Harmon, whose write-up on the Vimeo page is worth quoting in full: Goethe’s poem of gothic horror has haunted me most of my life. The Erlking is a wild man. The Goethe poem is based on the Danish tale of the Erlkönig (Elf-king) in which a father rides swiftly with his sickly son under his arm, seeking shelter and care for his child. Share, download and print free sheet music of Erlkönig Franz Schubert for piano, guitar, flute and more with the world's largest community of sheet music creators, composers, performers, music teachers, students, beginners, artists and other musicians with over 1,000,000 sheet digital music to play, practice, learn and enjoy. In his arms, the child was dead. The son is convinced that they are being pursued by the Erl-King, who Feb 10, 2022 · In those almost 600 Lieds of Franz Schubert, a serious number of them are composed on the verses that belong to Goethe. Franz Schubert - Der Erlkönig (English translation) : Who rides so lately through night and wind? / It's the father with his child; / He's got the boy in. It depicts the death of a child assailed by a supernatural being, the Erlking or “ Erlkönig ” (suggesting the literal translation “alder king,” but see below). The Sturm und Drang spirit that had emerged in German literature in the late-eighteenth century was reflected in a song-type known as the ballad . " "My father, my father, now he has taken hold of me! Erlking has hurt me!" The father shudders, he rides swiftly, Erl-King. In anapaestic dimetres. This edition uses the same title page as erlkonig score pdf An arrangement for voice and string quartet of this famous Lied, Schuberts first published work, a superbly atmospheric setting of a text by. The work has been set into music many times. Entre ellos se encuentran: Schubert XVI. Abend-Feier / Evening Rest - Andante (A major) Jagdlied / Hunting Song - Allegro (E ♭ major) Töne / Music - Andante (G major) Erlkönig / The Erl-king - Allegro non troppo (C minor) Der Spielmann und seine Geige / The minstrel and his fiddle - Andante con moto (G minor — G major) And if you're not willing, then force I'll employ!" "Now father, o father, he's seizing my arm. The Erlkonig is a malevolent creature, who attempts to lure the boy away with promises of wealth and power. The Legend. 35 XX. 328) by Franz Schubert that I have translated into English. Edit the erlking a song by schubert uses as a text a poem by. O Der Erlkönig (Rei dos Elfos) é uma balada de Johann Wolfgang von Goethe que foi escrita no ano de 1782. " "I love you, your comeliness charms me, my boy. The first is the Erlkonig poem by Goethe translated into English from German. Unfortunately, Loewe's Erlko. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - Der Erlkönig (English translation) : Who rides so late through night and wind? / It's the father with his child; / He has th. At its center is an unspeakable tragedy, the death of a child. A little of the cold air that blows over graveyards always goes with him, it crisps the hairs on the back of my neck but I am not afraid Feb 4, 2016 · Goethe’s “Erlkönig” is one of the most horrifying poems in all of world literature. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Prometheus Bedecke deinen Himmel, Zeus, Mit Wolkendunst! Und übe, Knaben gleich, Der Disteln köpft, An Eichen dich und Bergeshöh'n! Apr 18, 2020 · "Erlkönig" is a poem by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. The child warns his father, who dismisses it as a mere streak of fog. It depicts the death of a child assailed by a supernatural being, the Erlking or " Erlkönig " (suggesting the literal translation "alder king"). In this perspective, the Erlking becomes the monstrous maturity, which lures youth but destroys its innocence. 6 songs. Based on a Germanic legend, Der Erlkönig/The Erl-King/The Elf-King describes a father and son's flight through the Black Forest, pursued by the sinister Elf King, who attempts to lure the boy into his keeping. Mein Vater, mein Vater, jetzt fasst er mich an! Erlkönig hat mir ein Leids getan! Dem Vater grauset’s, er reitet geschwind, Er hält in Armen das ächzende Kind Jan 2, 2024 · For one, his signature, especially the capital B and the small r, underwent marked changes during the years of artistic maturation preceding World War I. Loewe's setting of Goethe's "Erlkonig," dating from 1817-1818, became his best-known composition; of the approximately 100 known. However: Gorey’s children come to grief through brutal accidents, but in Oct 31, 2018 · Download and print in PDF or MIDI free sheet music of Erlkönig, D. May 13, 2011 · How grey the ancient willows appear. ghostly figure that haunts Goethe's poem, But although has Schubert's music has always cap-. The Erlking by Albert Sterner, ca. Be good, my child, come, go with me! I know nice games, will play them with thee, And flowers thou 'It find near by where. The story of Erlkönig (taken from the eponymous poem by Goethe) is so engaging and well set to music by Schubert, that I felt it was a shame that English speaking audiences would not understand what was happening. The introduction explains the rationale underlying the thesis; although numerous songs from Winterreise have been previously analysed in detail and found to have considerable motivic coherence, no clear tonal or motivic plan to the cycle as a whole has yet been identified. The meaning of the poem turns, of course, on our perception of the meaning of the Erlking. Sectional Form of Schubert's "Erlkonig" . Goethe Gedichte Erlkönig Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, 1782 Wer reitet so spät durch Nacht und Wind? Es ist der Vater mit seinem Kind; Er hat den Knaben wohl in dem Arm, Jul 16, 2023 · Figure 1. 26 by Heinrich Wilhelm Ernst arranged by Quasi Cantando for Violin (Solo) Der Erlkönig. [approximately 1850?] Piano music, Arranged. And if you're not willing, then force I'll employ!" "Now father, o father, he's seizing my arm. Goethe’s poem embodies the universal theme of the loss of innocence. Notes Scanned at 600dpi grayscale, improved, converted to monochrome. Composed by Franz Schubert in 1815, Der Erlkonig is A lieder for piano and voice. It was originally Nov 21, 2023 · Erlkönig, also referred to as Elf-King or Erl-King, is a song that was composed by Franz Schubert in 1815. “I love you; I'm charmed by your beautiful form; And if you're not willing, then I'll use force. The piece employs four voices - the narrator, the father, the son, and the Erlkönig - to tell Goethe's grim ballad. Jun 29, 2016 · It's the willow trees looking so grey. Erlkönig also called editing pdf with word 2007 Der Erlkönig is a poem by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. pp. Œ ‚Come, dear child, come along with me! The games we™ll play will be fine and lovely: There™s many a bright flower by the water, Many gold garments has my Mother. Mon père, mon père, maintenant il m'empoigne ! Le Roi des Aulnes m'a fait mal ! Dem Vater grauset's, er reitet geschwind, Er L1-4: Erlking – Again trying to entice boy to go with him, speaks about his daughters and the fun they will all have together. May 1, 2021 · Stein (1989, 145–58) identifies harmonic associations and key motives connected with the Father, Son, and Erlking, as well as highlights Schubert’s use of motivic transposition, transformation, and convergence that conveys the poem’s dramatic narrative. L2 moves in chromatic steps. It was originally composed by Goethe as part of a 1782 Singspiel entitled Die Fischerin. The music of Schubert's Erlkinig,' like ers the to resist or capitulate to its seductive charms. However, the Erlking persists in tempting the child with Oct 31, 2018 · Download and print in PDF or MIDI free sheet music of Grand Caprice sur 'Le Roi des Aulnes', Op. . This poem is the text adopted by Goethe's (1749-1832) Erlkönig (1782) is probably the most famous and well known German poem in the German language and otherwise, lack of punctiliousness not withstanding the knowing of it. Es ist der Vater mit seinem Kind. Incorporating a range of musical devices Der Erlkonig is based of a poem written by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe which tells the story of a distressed son riding with his father whilst being chased by the Erlkonig, a Mein Sohn, mein Sohn, ich seh es genau; Es scheinen die alten Weiden so grau. ’ ‘And Father, my Father, can’t you see where The Erlking’s daughters stand shadowy there? – ‘My Son, my Son, I can see them plain: It’s the ancient Willow-trees shining grey. The son believes in the Erlking's existence from Erlkönig. Sectional Form of Noch's "Erlkonig" 36 XXI. 37 Summary. Goethe was a German poet, dramatist and novelist. Sectional Farm of Spohr's "Erlkonig" . It tells the story of a father who is carrying his sick son, while riding homewards after dark on horseback. 1AutographSBB. ERL-KING Who rides so by Edgar Allan Poe. Nov 5, 2023 · Nov 5. May 2, 2015 · The father it is, with his infant so dear; He holdeth the boy tightly clasp'd in his arm, He holdeth him safely, he keepeth him warm. 328 (goethe) – DE FRANZ SCHUBERT. 1 score (7 pages) ;33 cm. Javascript is required for this feature. "I love you, your beautiful form entices me; And if you're not willing, I shall use force. Supernatural elements Injected into the verses bring the power of the unknown; that is what makes Schubert “EarlГ¶nil” stirring. Schubert’s “Erlkönig” has had a significant impact on the cultural world. , Songs with piano -- Instrumental settings. Click Done to apply changes and return to your Dashboard. " My father, my father, now he takes hold of me! The Erlking has wounded me! It horrifies the father; he rides swiftly, Holding in his arms the moaning child. ’. He studied at the universities of Halle and Heidelberg, but to prepare for a career in the civil service he moved to Vienna in 1810, where he met Friedrich and Dorothea Schlegel, who encouraged his literary interests. ld hm of of au tf nu rh wj ip